Note: The following transcript was generated using AI and may contain inaccuracies.
All praise is due to Allah, Lord of the worlds. To Him is all praise, all praise, and all praise is due to Him. And I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and that there is none worthy of worship except Him. And I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. May peace and blessings be upon him, his family, his companions, and those who follow them in a good way until the Day of Recompense.
Introduction My beloved brothers and sisters, InshaAllah wa Ta'ala, today I want to resume the series which we started—the Ahkam and the severity of sins. And Alhamdulillah, we have already finished and completed our first session, where we had a Muqaddimah, an introduction. And InshaAllah wa Ta'ala, today we are going to go into the second session, Bi Ithni Allahi Al-Karim.
As we did in our first session, we read everything that we said, and the class or the session was fully based on benefits that were written, and that you can all follow, InshaAllah wa Ta'ala. So I'm still going to do the same thing. I'm going to write everything that I say, InshaAllah wa Ta'ala—or the majority of what I say is going to be written, InshaAllah wa Ta'ala—and I'll explain it as I write it, InshaAllah wa Ta'ala. So if you are following the classes or you're following the sessions, InshaAllah wa Ta'ala, try to write everything. Bi Ithni Allahi Al-Karim, it will benefit you.
It's important for you to know the severity, the dangers, and the rulings of sins, so that you can stay away from them. If you don't know them, you might fall into them. So InshaAllah wa Ta'ala, in this class, I want to focus on two things, Bi Ithni Allahi Al-Karim. So here, InshaAllah wa Ta'ala, focus with me, InshaAllah wa Ta'ala. Let's write the first point.
The Scholars of Islam and Major Sins The first point, InshaAllah wa Ta'ala, I want to talk about today and mention is that the scholars of Islam, may Allah have mercy upon them, spoke about Ahkam and Ahkami and Usati from the people of Islam. So I'm going to put Harakat on it—everyone follow it, InshaAllah wa Ta'ala.
So the first point, InshaAllah wa Ta'ala, that I want to talk about is that the scholars of Islam—our Ulama—they spoke about this issue of major sins and its severity. Where does it come from? How many types of sins are there? What are the consequences of it? They've written and authored many, many works on it. If you look at the Islamic libraries—if you go to the Makatib al-Islamiya—you will find many books written by the scholars.
InshaAllah wa Ta'ala, I'm going to go through some of those books that are written, InshaAllah wa Ta'ala, so you know that this is not something that we are just mentioning or coming out with. This is something that is Mudawwan—something that is documented and written by great scholars of Islam.
Also, it's going to benefit those students of knowledge who want to go out there and read more into this, study it more, and benefit from what the Ulama of Islam have said about sins, their severity, and their dangers, InshaAllah wa Ta'ala.
So let me, InshaAllah wa Ta'ala, explain here what I wrote: Number one is that the scholars of Islam, may Allah have mercy on them: Qattakallamu, they spoke about. Wakatabu, they wrote. I keep saying the word "wrote," but it's "writ." Qattakallamu, wakatabu. Qattakallamu, they wrote a lot.
And Ahkam al-Usati, they authored and have spoken about. Ahkam al-Usati—the rulings of (Ahkam = rulings) al-Usati = the sinners, min ahli al-Islami = those who are from Islam.
So I want you to understand here that what we're going to be talking about is the sinners within Islam. We're going to be focusing on the sinners within Islam. We're not going to be focusing on the disbelievers. Or the mushrikeen or the kuffar. We're not going to be focusing on that. We're going to be focusing on Muslim sinners and rulings regarding them. Because those are the people we're addressing, InshaAllah wa Ta'ala.
So let me, InshaAllah, mention some of the books that are written, InshaAllah wa Ta'ala. And the way that I plan, bi ithni Allahi al-Karim, to categorize the books is in the following way, InshaAllah wa Ta'ala.
Categorization of Books So first of all, before I mention the books, I want to categorize the books.
Number one, I want to mention al-muallafat. Books that are written—so it’s al-muallafat al-mutaqaddimah, al-mufradah, fil-kabair. So the first is al-muallafat, books; al-mutaqaddimah, early books that are written; mutaqaddimah meaning early—regarding major sins, or sins in general.
So early books—I don't want to focus on those who came after. So that’s the first point, InshaAllah wa Ta'ala.
The second category that I want to mention, InshaAllah wa Ta'ala, so you can write is: al-muallafat al-mu'asirah, al-mufradah, fil-kabair.
The second, InshaAllah wa Ta'ala, is muallafat al-mu'asirah. Ma ma'na al-mu'asirah? It means contemporary books that have been written—specifically written—on major sins, InshaAllah wa Ta'ala.
So we want to look at the early books that are written, and we want to look at those who came after—the books that they wrote or have written or authored—on major sins, InshaAllah wa Ta'ala.
Because we're going to be focusing on major sins mainly, InshaAllah wa Ta'ala. That’s why we keep saying al-kabair, InshaAllah wa Ta'ala. But that doesn’t mean we’re not going to touch on minor sins as well. Or that we’re not going to be touching on innovation.
These things, InshaAllah wa Ta'ala, are things that we’re going to be touching on, bi-inni Allahi al-Karim. We’re not going to be focusing on shirk and kufr per se. But we will speak about innovation and its relationship with sins.
We’re also going to be talking about, InshaAllah wa Ta'ala, minor and major sins. We’re going to look at where sins come from and all of that, bi-inni Allahi al-Karim.
Early Books on Major Sins
So let's start with the first one, which is al-muallafāt al-mutaqaddimah. Early books al-mufradah that are specifically written fī al-kabāʾir (on major sins). Let's look at the first one, in shāʾ Allāh taʿālā.
So we’re now going to look at the first one, bi-idhni Allāhi al-Karīm, which is books that are written. Let’s look at the first book, in shāʾ Allāh, that we want to mention. The first book from al-muallafāt al-mutaqaddimah al-mufradah fī al-kabāʾir.
And that is the kitāb called Juzʾ. Okay. And this kitāb is written by al-Bardījī al-Bardaʿī al-Baghdādī.
Now, this kitāb Juzʾ fīhi man rawa ʿan al-Nabī ﷺ min al-ṣaḥābah fī al-kabāʾir, written by al-Ḥāfiẓ Abī Bakr Aḥmad ibn Hārūn ibn Rūḥ al-Bardījī al-Bardaʿī al-Baghdādī—this kitāb I haven’t personally come across. All I have seen is it being mentioned as a nuskha (manuscript) in al-Maktabah al-Ẓāhiriyyah in Shām. That’s where I’ve come across it, but I haven’t personally seen it.
The second kitāb, in shāʾ Allāh taʿālā, that we’re going to mention is the kitāb ʿUqūbat Ahl al-Kabāʾir. And this kitāb is written by its author, al-Faqīh Abī Layth al-Naṣr al-Samarqandī. So this kitāb is called ʿUqūbat Ahl al-Kabāʾir – “The Punishment of the People of Major Sins,” and it’s written by Abī Layth al-Naṣr al-Samarqandī, raḥimahu Allāhu taʿālā.
Also, this kitāb I haven’t personally come across in my readings, but I have seen a publication of it by Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah with the taḥqīq of Muṣṭafā ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭāʾ. But I haven’t personally read it yet. I don’t have a copy of it. So that’s the second kitāb: ʿUqūbat Ahl al-Kabāʾir by Abī Layth al-Naṣr al-Samarqandī, raḥimahu Allāhu taʿālā. He’s a Ḥanafī scholar.
So, in shāʾ Allāh taʿālā, let’s look at the third book. The third one, in shāʾ Allāh taʿālā, I write it, my beloved brothers and sisters. And that is the kitāb called al-Ṣaghāʾir wa al-Kabāʾir. And it’s written by al-ʿAllāmah Abī Muḥammad Makkī ibn Abī Ṭālib.
So this kitāb, in shāʾ Allāh taʿālā, is the third book, and it’s called al-Ṣaghāʾir wa al-Kabāʾir by al-ʿAllāmah Abī Muḥammad Makkī ibn Abī Ṭālib. His full name is Ibn Ḥammūsh ibn Muḥammad ibn Mukhtār al-Qaysī al-Qayrawānī al-Qurṭubī. He died, raḥimahu Allāh, in 437 Hijriyyah. He is one of the Qurrāʾ al-Kibār – one of the great scholars of Qurʾān recitation.
This kitāb I haven’t personally come across either, but it has been mentioned by Ḥājjī Khalīfah, who has a Fihrisah (bibliography) listing the works and books of the scholars. The second person I saw mention it was Ismāʿīl Bāshā al-Baghdādī.
Ḥājjī Khalīfah’s book, his Fihrisah, is now, al-ḥamdu lillāh, maṭbūʿ (printed) and mutadāwal (widely available). I mentioned it in my video when I spoke about the books that came out for the Book Fair in Sharjah. So you can find it there, in shāʾ Allāh taʿālā. He mentions all of the books, whether they are published or not. He mentions many of those books.
So the kitāb al-Ṣaghāʾir wa al-Kabāʾir by Makkī ibn Abī Ṭālib is on major sins and also on minor sins.In shāʾ Allāh taʿālā, I'm now going to go into the fourth book, in shāʾ Allāh taʿālā, which is:
Aḥkām al-ʿUṣhāt min Ahl al-Islām al-Murtaqibīn al-Kabāʾir.
And this kitāb is written—or it's authored—by Shaykh Abī ʿAbdillāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn Abī ʿAlī al-Qalʿī al-Shāfiʿī. He died in the year 630 Hijrī, taqrīban (approximately).
Khayr al-Dīn al-Ziriklī mentions this book of his in his work al-Aʿlām.
And I have not personally come across this kitāb yet.
The fifth book, in shāʾ Allāh taʿālā, is:
al-Kabāʾir, written by al-ʿAllāmah al-Ḥāfiẓ al-Muʾarrikh Abī ʿAbdillāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUthmān ibn Qaymāz ibn ʿAbdillāh al-Turkumānī al-Shāfiʿī al-Dimashqī al-Shāfiʿī—who is well known as al-Imām al-Dhahabī.
Imām al-Dhahabī died, raḥimahu Allāh taʿālā, in the year—
At first, I mistakenly said 800, but it was actually 748 Hijrī.
He passed away, raḥimahu Allāh, in 748 Hijrī.
His book has been published many, many, many times, and the most common and well-known ṭabʿah (edition) is the taḥqīq of al-Shaykh al-ʿAllāmah Mashhūr Ḥasan ʿAlī Salmān, whose edition has become the most well-known one.
Raḥimahu Allāh raḥmatan wāsiʿah.
Recently, it got republished again, and the Shaykh mentioned that there are some taʿdīlāt (revisions) and some corrections that he put into it.
Ḥafiẓahu Allāh wa raʿāh, wa jaʿala al-jannah mathwāna wa mathwāh.
Number six, in shāʾ Allāh taʿālā:
So, number six in shāʾ Allāh taʿālā, is going to be the kitāb al-Kabāʾir, and it’s written by Ibn al-Qayyim.
I was going to write the full name of Ibn al-Qayyim, but I'm not going to do that.
Ibn al-Qayyim passed away in the year 751 Hijrī, raḥimahu Allāh.
He has a kitāb on al-Kabāʾir, raḥimahu Allāh. And from the scholars who mentioned that he wrote a kitāb on al-Kabāʾir is his student Ibn Rajab, who mentioned that he authored a book on al-Kabāʾir.
al-Dāwadī mentioned it as well.
Also, Ibn al-ʿImād mentioned it—he mentioned it too.
From the scholars who also mentioned it is Ismāʿīl Bāshā al-Baghdādī.
Also from the people who mentioned it is Bakr Abū Zayd—he mentioned that Ibn al-Qayyim has written it.
From the people who transmitted the kitāb al-Kabāʾir from Imām al-Dhahabī, and quoted from it, are Ibn al-Naḥḥās and al-Suwaydī.
Ibn al-Naḥḥās and al-Suwaydī, both of them quoted from Ibn al-Qayyim’s al-Kabāʾir.
If you go to Ibn al-Qayyim’s works, you’ll also find a chapter where he speaks about some of the major sins.
In shāʾ Allāh, I want to mention the seventh.
The seventh is al-Kabāʾir by al-ʿAlāʾī al-Shāfiʿī, known as al-ʿAlāʾī al-Shāfiʿī.
He died in the year 761 Hijrī.
Al-ʿAlāʾī al-Shāfiʿī, his full name is… (the speaker pauses).
He has written a kitāb, and the mention or quoting of this kitāb is found in his book al-Majmūʿ al-Madhhab fī Qawāʿid al-Madhhab.
Al-Majmūʿ al-Madhhab fī Qawāʿid al-Madhhab.
Al-ʿAlāʾī al-Shāfiʿī has this kitāb—just like Ibn Rajab has a kitāb on al-Qawāʿid al-Fiqhiyyah, Imām al-ʿAlāʾī has one as well.
Dawlat al-Kuwayt published it—al-ḥamdu lillāh, a very good publication, one of the best so far.
It’s a masterpiece when it comes to al-Qawāʿid al-Fiqhiyyah and al-Qawāʿid al-Uṣūliyyah as well. The Shaykh had a very good hand when it comes to al-Furūʿ al-Fiqhiyyah.
He is a faqīh when it comes to these issues. So his knowledge in Islam is very good.
He has this kitāb called al-Kabāʾir, as I mentioned—al-Kabāʾir by Imām al-ʿAlāʾī. And he mentions it in his kitāb al-Majmūʿ al-Madhhab fī Qawāʿid al-Madhhab, saying that he authored it.
Now, in shāʾ Allāh, I want to mention the eighth book, bi-idhnillāh al-Karīm:
The eighth book is called:
al-Zāhir fī Bayān mā Yajtalibu min al-Khabāʾith al-Ṣaghāʾir wa al-Kabāʾir.
And this is written by al-Imām Waḥid al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Wafāʾ al-Yaʿmarī al-Madanī.
He is a Mālikī, and he died in the year 799 Hijrī.
So he called it:
al-Zāhir fī Bayān mā Yajtalibu min al-Khabāʾith al-Ṣaghāʾir wa al-Kabāʾir.
The ninth book, in shāʾ Allāh, which has been written, is:
الرسالة في بيان الكبائر والصغائر by al-Balqīnī.
Some call him al-Balqīnī, and some say al-Balqīnī al-Shāfiʿī. He passed away in the year 824 Hijrī.
The last and final book that I want to mention, in shāʾ Allāh, is number ten:
كتاب الشمس المنيرة في معرفة الكبيرة وتمييزها من الصغيرة.
And this is by Ibn Ḥajar al-Kinānī al-ʿAsqalānī al-Miṣrī al-Shāfiʿī. He died in the year 852 Hijrī.
Again, I haven’t come across this kitāb—I’ve only seen him mention it in his kitāb Fatḥ al-Bārī.
But I haven’t seen the kitāb itself.
Ḥāfiẓ Ibn Ḥajar mentions a kitāb in his Fatḥ al-Bārī, which is the sharḥ of al-Bukhārī.
He mentions it there when he’s talking about terms like kabīrah, ṣaghīrah, and all of those terms in aḥādīth ṣaḥīḥah. He mentions that he wrote a kitāb on this issue, but he does state that he hasn’t finished authoring it.
Scholars have also mentioned this kitāb.
From them is:
- Jundīl al-Suyūṭī
- Ḥājjī Khalīfah
- Ismāʿīl al-Baghdādī
- Shākil ʿAbd al-Munʿim
They all mentioned the kitāb by Ḥāfiẓ Ibn Ḥajar.
And for me personally: ولم يتيسر لي الوقوف عليه (It was not made easy for me to come across it.)
So, I said I was going to mention 10, but let me just finish all the books that are there, so you can get all of the books if you want to buy them for yourself.
Number 11: The kitāb إرشاد الحائر إلى الكبائر. It is written by Ibn al-Mubarrad, who died in the year 909 Hijrī.
There’s a nuskha khaṭṭiyyah (manuscript copy) of it in Maktabat al-Ẓāhiriyyah.
But is the kitāb maṭbūʿ (published)? I have no knowledge of that. But I do know there’s a nuskha khaṭṭiyyah.
There’s also another one at Jāmiʿah Islāmiyyah. There’s a nuskha khaṭṭiyyah muṣawwarah (photocopied manuscript), which is:
مُودَعَةٌ في قسم المخطوطات بالمكتبة المركزية بعمادة شؤون المكتبات بالجامعة الإسلامية بالمدينة المنورة. (It is deposited in the manuscripts section at the central library of the Islamic University in Madinah.)
Number 12, in shāʾ Allāh taʿālā, is the kitāb:
الجواهر في عقوبة الكبائر, written by Abī Yaḥyā Dīn al-Dīn al-Malibārī al-Shāfiʿī. He died in the year 928 Hijrī.
The 13th is the kitāb Manẓūmat al-Kabāʾir by al-Ḥajjāwī al-Maqdisī al-Ṣāliḥī al-Ḥanbalī.
He died in the year 968 Hijrī.
This Manẓūmat al-Kabāʾir by al-Ḥajjāwī al-Maqdisī al-Ṣāliḥī al-Ḥanbalī is currently being taught on our channel by Shaykh Zafar al-Madanī, ḥafiẓahu Allāh wa raʿāh.
He's currently teaching it, so it’s a very good book, and I encourage you all to try to follow up with the sharḥ of the Shaykh—if you understand the Urdu language. He’s going through it, he’s teaching it. May Allāh preserve him and honor him in this world and the hereafter.
As for Manẓūmat al-Kabāʾir, there is a new sharḥ that came out for it by Shaykh ʿAbdullāh al-Fawzān.
He has a sharḥ on it. He’s the same scholar who authored Naḥyat al-ʿAllām and Mawrid al-Afhām. He has many shurūḥ on books. He is one of the best scholars alive right now when it comes to shurūḥ of books.
The author of the kitāb Manẓūmat al-Kabāʾir again is al-Ḥajjāwī.
And al-Ḥajjāwī is the author of the kitāb Zād al-Mustaqniʿ, and Zād al-Mustaqniʿ is a mukhtaṣar (summary) or sharḥ of al-Muqniʿ by Ibn Qudāmah.
So Zād al-Mustaqniʿ is a very important book in the Ḥanbalī Madhhab. Al-Ḥajjāwī authored it. It’s a very useful book in the Ḥanbalī madhhab, and he also wrote this kitāb Manẓūmat al-Kabāʾir.
ʿAbdullāh ibn Ṣāliḥ al-Fawzān's sharḥ can be found. Before him, al-Saffārīnī also has a sharḥ on it.
The sharḥ is very useful, especially al-Saffārīnī—his shurūḥ are very good.
Just like he did a sharḥ of al-Ḥajjāwī’s kitāb, he also did the sharḥ of:
Manẓūmat al-Ādāb by Ibn ʿAbd al-Qawwī al-Mardāwī.
He has another sharḥ on Ādāb. Al-Ḥajjāwī has a sharḥ on it. Al-Saffārīnī also has a sharḥ on Manẓūmat al-Ādāb.
And it's in 10 mujalladāt (volumes), published by Dār al-Bashāʾir.
And it is very mufīd, ḥaqīqatan—I advise students of knowledge to get it and read that book as well.
This Manẓūmat al-Kabāʾir, I encourage you to memorize it because it's so beneficial and it's short.
Make your children memorize it. Mufīd.
The 14th is:
Risālah fī al-Ṣaghāʾir wa al-Kabāʾir by Ibn Nujaym, who passed away in 970 Hijrī.
He wrote this kitāb.
The 15th is:
al-Zawājir ʿan Iqtirāf al-Kabāʾir by Ibn Ḥajar al-Haytamī al-Shāfiʿī. He died in the year 974 Hijrī, raḥimahu Allāh.
This kitāb has been published many times.
So those 15 books, in shāʾ Allāh, are what we’re going to mention here in shāʾ Allāh for the students of knowledge.
As for the kutub al-muʿāṣirīn (books written by contemporary scholars), we’ll just mention them quickly—without writing them.
The contemporary scholars who have written on this topic—there are many. If you look online and download, you’ll find a lot of books written on it.
But I'm going to quickly mention some of those books, in shāʾ Allāh, in our next lesson.
And here, in shāʾ Allāh, I'm going to stop.
Anything I’ve said that was wrong or incorrect is from me and Shayṭān, and Allāh and His Messenger are both free from it.
Subḥānaka Allāhumma wa bi-ḥamdik, ashhadu an lā ilāha illā anta, astaghfiruka wa atūbu ilayk.
